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pr3-sose2026-fork/go/02-next-level/05-generics.go

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Go

package main
import "fmt"
// a generic function that takes a slice of any type and a value of that type, and returns the index of the value in the slice, or -1 if it is not found.
// The type parameters S and E are declared in square brackets before the function name, and they can be used in the function signature and body.
// The constraint comparable means that the type E must support the == operator, which is necessary for comparing the value with the elements of the slice.
func SlicesIndex[S []E, E comparable](s S, v E) int {
for i := range s {
if v == s[i] {
return i
}
}
return -1
}
// represents a linked list of any type T. The type parameter T is used in the definition of List and its methods,
// and it can be instantiated with any type when we create a List value. The type any is in fact defined as
// an empty interface. Thanks to duck-typing it can be used to represent any type, but it does not provide any
// operations on the values of that type.
type List[T any] struct {
head, tail *element[T]
}
// the generic element of the linked list
type element[T any] struct {
next *element[T]
val T
}
// adds an instance of the generic type to the list
func (lst *List[T]) Push(v T) {
if lst.tail == nil {
lst.head = &element[T]{val: v}
lst.tail = lst.head
} else {
lst.tail.next = &element[T]{val: v}
lst.tail = lst.tail.next
}
}
// returns all elements of the list as a slice of the generic type.
func (lst List[T]) AllElements() []T {
var elems []T
for e := lst.head; e != nil; e = e.next {
elems = append(elems, e.val)
}
return elems
}
func main() {
var s = []string{"foo", "bar", "zoo"}
// The types S and E are explicitly specified as []string and string respectively.
fmt.Println("index of zoo:", SlicesIndex[[]string, string](s, "zoo"))
var s2 = []int{2, 4, 5, 6}
// The type E is inferred from the type of the value 4, which is int,
// and the type S is inferred from the type of the slice s2, which is []int.
fmt.Println("index of 4: ", SlicesIndex(s2, 4))
// instantiate a list of float64 elements
lst := List[float64]{}
lst.Push(10)
lst.Push(13)
lst.Push(23)
lst.Push(23.3)
fmt.Println("list:", lst.AllElements())
}